Question 1
The correct measures to be taken in radioactive experiments are:
A:By wearing a personal radiation dosimeter, you can know the dose and cumulative dose received per day and control it at a safe level.
B:Special protective gloves, masks, and overalls must be worn during the experiment. Immediately after the experiment, wash your hands or take a shower.
C:During the experiment, strive to be quick and proficient to minimize the time of radiation, and use the clamps and robots as much as possible to keep away from the radiation source.
D:All above
Question 2
In radiation protection, which four types of radiation are mainly targeted?
A:α particles, β particles, γ (X) rays, and neutrons
B:α particles, β particles, γ (X) rays, and electromagnetic waves
C:Electromagnetic waves, β particles, γ (X) rays, and neutrons
D:α particles, electromagnetic waves, γ (X) rays, and neutrons
Question 3
The protection of γ (χ, β) source and neutron source is mainly:
A:Internal illumination protection
B:External exposure protection
C:No protection
Question 4
The protection against α sources is mainly:
A:Internal illumination protection
B:External exposure protection
C:No protection
Question 5
Materials used to shield β rays are:
A:Low atomic number materials (aluminum, plastic, or Plexiglas, etc.)
B:High atomic number materials (lead, concrete, etc.)
C:Materials with high hydrogen content or boron (water, paraffin, borax, etc.)
Question 6
Materials used to shield γ. X-rays are:
A:Low atomic number materials (aluminum, plastic or Plexiglas, etc.)
B:High atomic number materials (lead, concrete, etc.)
C:Materials with high hydrogen content or boron (water, paraffin, borax, etc.)
Question 7
Materials used to shield neutron rays are:
A:Low atomic number materials (aluminum, plastic or Plexiglas, etc.)
B:High atomic number materials (lead, concrete, etc.)
C:Materials with high hydrogen content or boron (water, paraffin, borax, etc.)
Question 8
Which of the following is not a way to reduce electromagnetic radiation:
A:Covering the radiation source with a cloth
B:Shield the source
C:Radiation source away from sensitive objects or people
D:Try to shorten the time in the radiation zone
Question 9
External exposure protection can usually be achieved through:
A:Minimizing the exposure time, maximize the distance from the radiation source, and add a shield between the person and the radiation source.
B:Separating the ways in which radioactive materials enter the human body as much as possible
C:Preventing radioactive substances from entering the human body through the respiratory tract
D:Preventing radioactive substances from entering the body through the mouth
Question 10
Radon is extremely harmful to human health. When it and its derivatives enter the human body through the respiratory tract, it often stays in the entire respiratory tract of the human body, which is one of the main causes of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. The protection methods that can be used are:
Question 11
Radiation source refers to:
A:Radioactive source
B:Radioisotope
C:Any substance or entity that can cause radiation exposure by emitting ionizing radiation or releasing radioactive material
Question 12
The sources of natural radioactivity are:
A:Nuclear weapons production and testing
B:Nuclear energy production
C:Nuclear technology applications
D:Terrestrial radionuclides, Yusheng radionuclides
Question 13
Sealing a radioactive source refers to:
A:Permanently sealed in a container or in a tightly packed, solid-state radioactive material, in addition to materials in the research reactor and power reactor nuclear fuel cycle categories.
B:All substances that emit radiation
C:Radioactive material that is not sealed in the cladding or tightly consolidated in the cover
D:Unsealed radioactive material, when simply packaged, is a sealed source.
Question 14
The characteristics of internal illumination are:
Question 15
The cause(s) of internal exposure (is)are:
A:Inhalation of air polluted by radioactive materials, drinking water contaminated with radioactive materials, eating food contaminated with radioactive materials, or radioactive substances entering the body from skin and wounds.
B:In Vitro ionizing radiation illuminates the human body and causes damage.
C:Radiation damage mainly comes from gamma and X-rays, neutrons, followed by β rays.
Question 16
Class III radioactive sources are lost, stolen, or out of control. What level of radiation accident does the above belong to?
A:General radiation accidents
B:Large radiation accident
C:Major radiation accidents
D:Particularly significant radiation accidents
Question 17
The loss of control of a radioisotope and radiation device causes acute death of 3 or more people. What level of radiation accident does the above belong to?
A:General radiation accidents
B:Major radiation accidents
C:Large radiation accident
D:Particularly significant radiation accidents
Question 18
What is the common decay law of various radionuclides?
A:Exponential decay law
B:Linear attenuation law
C:Square attenuation law
Question 19
The half-life of radon (α decay) is 4 days. After 8 days, what is the remaining amount?
Question 1
Radioactive waste can be treated as general waste after being shielded.
Question 2
The radiology department must conduct an occupational disease physical examination once a year and conduct radiation safety and protection training every two years.
Question 3
According to the degree of potential harm to human health and the environment, the environmental protection department of the State Council classifies radioactive sources into five categories: V, IV, III, II, and I.
Question 4
The transfer of imported radioisotopes (or equipment containing radioactive sources) must be submitted to the State Environmental Protection Administration.
Question 5
Radioisotopes should be stored separately and should not be stored together with flammable, explosive, or corrosive materials.
Question 6
Radioactive isotopes may not be imported or transferred without the approval of the environmental protection department.
Question 7
As long as they have obtained a radiation permit, radiation staff can engage in the production, sale, and use of radioisotopes and radiation devices regardless of its scope.
Question 8
According to the degree of potential damage to human health and the environment, the environmental protection department of the State Council and the designated health department of the State Council classify the radiation devices into Class I, Class II, and Class III.
Question 9
Each source unit must obtain “license registration” to carry out relevant work. The radiation staff must participate in the occupational disease physical examination of the designated medical unit, the radiation safety and protection knowledge training organized by the government environmental authority, and regularly receive personal dose monitoring (once every 3 months). The certificate is necessary.
Question 10
Anti-theft, fireproof, and anti-leakage facilities shall be installed in the radiation equipment and radiation working places to ensure the safety of the use of radioisotopes and radiation devices. Radiation warning signs and work signals should be placed at the entrance of the radiation workplace.
Question 11
When purchasing radioactive sources, isotope reagents, and radiation devices, you should firstly apply to the Office of the Radiation Safety Management Committee (located at the Laboratory and Equipment Management Office). After approval, you should apply for a “Quasi-purchase Certificate” to the government environmental authority before entrusting the procurement department to purchase.
Question 12
Each source unit shall establish a sound registration system for the storage, use, and consumption of radioisotopes to ensure that the accounts are consistent. The experimental process must be carried out with care and in strict accordance with the operating procedures to ensure safety.
Question 13
Each source unit does not need to improve the registration system for the storage, use, and consumption of radioisotopes.
Question 14
The radioactive waste source generated by the source unit can be directly discharged into the sewer or mixed into ordinary garbage.
Question 15
Radioactive sources that are not used for the duration of the experiment cannot be placed haphazardly and must be placed in a special protective area.
Question 16
In accordance with the relevant regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the environmental protection department of the State Council classifies radioactive sources into categories I, II, III, IV, and V, according to the degree of potential harm of radioactive sources to human health and the environment.
Question 17
After the sealed radioactive source is used, it must be sent to a qualified unit for processing within three months.
Question 18
Isotope reagents with long half-lives and their experimental waste must be sent to qualified units for processing.
Question 19
The isotope reagent with a short half-life and its experimental waste must be sealed in a container for 8 half-lives or more. After the activity is below the safe level, it can be treated as ordinary laboratory waste.
Question 20
A certain dose of ionizing radiation will cause damage to the human body, and measures should be taken to protect it.
Question 21
The surface of the source can be touched by hand.
Question 22
You can use your eyes to visualize the source at close range.
Question 23
You must wash your hands before leaving the radiology laboratory.
Question 24
When the skin is slightly contaminated by radioactive sources, it can be washed with soap (or EDTA-Na2 soap), soft brush and warm water until it falls below the pollution control level; if the skin is seriously contaminated, it should be washed immediately with soap and soft brush (Do not rub the skin) and select the appropriate detergent based on the nature of the nuclide.
Question 25
The alpha decay releases two positively charged helium nuclei, which are protected against entry into the body, ie, internal illumination protection.
Question 26
Radiation accidents are classified into four categories: special major radiation accidents, major radiation accidents, large radiation accidents, and general radiation accidents.
Question 27
A nuclide spontaneously smashes into another nuclide and emits various rays at the same time. This phenomenon is called radioactive decay.
Question 28
Nuclear decay is a spontaneous change in the nucleus, and radioactive decay obeys the exponential law.
Question 29
Radioactive laboratories allow people who are unrelated to the experiment to enter the laboratory.
Question 30
Class I sources are extremely high risk sources. In the absence of protection, exposure to such sources can result in death within a few minutes to an hour.
Question 31
Class II sources are high-risk sources. In the absence of protection, exposure to such sources can cause death within hours to days.
Question 32
Class III sources are sources of danger. In the absence of protection, exposure to such sources can cause permanent damage to the human body within several hours, and exposure to death can occur within days to weeks.
Question 33
Class IV sources are low-risk sources. It does not cause permanent damage to the human body, but it may cause recoverable temporary damage to people who have been exposed to these sources for long periods of time.
Question 34
Class V sources are extremely low-risk sources. Will not cause permanent damage to the human body.
Question 35
Internal irradiation refers to double radiation damage to human organs caused by radiation and chemical toxicity by the passage of radioactive substances into the body by way of the respiratory tract, by way of the digestive tract, and through entry into skin wounds.
Question 36
External exposure is only caused by damage to human tissue after the radiation has irradiated the human body. For example, gamma-ray irradiation causes deep damage in the body, and beta rays damage the skin and the lens of the eye.
Question 37
The main protection methods for external exposure are: time protection, distance protection, and shielding protection measures.
Question 38
Purchase of radioactive sources, isotope reagents, and radiation devices can be directly entrusted to the school procurement department for procurement.
Question 39
The lower limit activity value of a class V source is the exempt activity of the species.
Question 40
An isotope reagent is a non-sealed source.
Question 41
C-14, P-32, H-3, I-125, S-35, etc. are commonly used isotopic reagents.
